汽車起動器（啟動馬達）的驗貨主要涉及到外觀檢查、電氣性能測試和功能測試等幾個方面。具體的驗貨步驟如下：
1. 外觀檢查
**外殼和零部件外觀：**檢查起動器的外殼和各個零部件是否有機械損傷、裂紋、變形、腐蝕或其他明顯缺陷。
**接線端子：**確認接線端子是否完整，接頭是否牢固，螺栓是否擰緊。
**銘牌和標志：**核對起動器的銘牌信息是否清晰，規格、型號、生產日期等是否與訂單要求一致。
2. 尺寸檢查
使用卡尺等工具測量關鍵尺寸，確保起動器的安裝尺寸和關鍵配合尺寸符合設計圖紙或技術要求。
3. 電氣性能測試
**絕緣電阻測試：**用兆歐表測量起動器的絕緣電阻，確保絕緣性能達到標準要求（一般在1MΩ以上）。
**通電檢查：**通過低電壓電源進行通電檢查，確認起動器是否能正常運轉，檢測電流值是否符合規格要求。
4. 功能測試
**空載測試：**給起動器通電，觀察其在無負載條件下是否能夠正常運轉，運轉聲音是否平穩，無異常噪音或震動。
**負載測試：**在規定的負載條件下測試起動器的啟動性能，確認其輸出轉矩和轉速是否符合設計要求。
**啟動時間測試：**測量起動器從啟動到達到額定轉速所需的時間，確保啟動時間在規定范圍內。
5. 耐久性測試
根據要求，進行一定次數的啟動停止循環測試，評估起動器的耐久性和可靠性。
6. 包裝檢查
驗證包裝是否符合要求，包括防震材料、標簽、說明書等配件是否齊全，外包裝是否完好無損。
通過以上步驟，可以確保汽車起動器的質量符合技術標準和客戶要求。如果有更嚴格的標準或需求，也可以增加高溫、高濕、振動等環境模擬測試。
Inspecting a car starter involves several key steps, including visual inspection, dimensional checks, electrical performance tests, and functional tests. Below is a detailed procedure:
1. Visual Inspection
Exterior and components: Examine the starter's housing and parts for any signs of damage, cracks, deformation, corrosion, or other obvious defects.
Terminals and connectors: Ensure that all electrical terminals are intact, connections are secure, and bolts are properly tightened.
Nameplate and labels: Verify that the starter's nameplate information (model, specifications, and production date) is clear and matches the purchase order or technical requirements.
2. Dimensional Check
Use calipers or other measurement tools to check critical dimensions, such as mounting points, shaft diameter, and other tolerances. Ensure they conform to the design drawings or technical requirements.
3. Electrical Performance Test
Insulation resistance test: Measure the starter's insulation resistance using a megohmmeter to ensure insulation is up to standard (typically above 1MΩ).
Continuity test: Check the electrical continuity of key circuits to ensure proper connectivity.
No-load test: Apply power at a lower voltage to see if the starter runs freely without any load, ensuring the current draw is within specified limits.
4. Functional Tests
No-load test: Power the starter to see if it operates smoothly without any mechanical load. Check for abnormal noise, vibration, or overheating.
Load test: Test the starter under specified load conditions to verify its torque and speed outputs meet the design or operational requirements.
Engagement test: Confirm that the starter engages and disengages properly with the engine's flywheel when powered on and off.
Start-up time test: Measure the time it takes for the starter to reach its rated speed after it is powered on, ensuring it falls within the expected range.
5. Durability and Cycle Testing
Perform multiple start-stop cycles to assess the starter's durability and reliability over time. Depending on the specification, you may run hundreds or thousands of cycles to simulate real-world use.
6. Environmental and Vibration Tests (if required)
High temperature, humidity, and vibration tests: Depending on the use case or customer requirements, simulate harsh environments to ensure the starter can perform under adverse conditions.
7. Packaging Inspection
Ensure that the starter is packed securely with adequate protective materials. Verify the completeness of documentation, including labels, instructions, and any accessories, and that packaging is free from damage.
By following these steps, you can thoroughly inspect and ensure the quality and performance of a car starter. For specific projects, additional tests may be required, such as endurance testing or environmental simulations.
